31 Aug BENEFITS of Apigenin
Apigenin is a natural compound found in many vegetables and fruits. While its full effects in people have been barely figured out, there’s some preliminary evidence that apigenin can help calm nerves, provide antioxidant effects, and even help combat cancer.
What’s Apigenin?
Apigenin is an antioxidant compound that naturally occurs in crops. It can be found in vegetables and fruits, including parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat bran, and some seasonings. Out of its biological consequences, it’s a yellow crystalline that’s typically utilized to dye garments.
Its consequences in animals have been thoroughly studied, while some human studies testing this substance exists. Yet, preliminary research on apigenin has discovered potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Health Benefits of Apigenin
Insufficient Proof for:
1) Anxiety and Depression
In a clinical trial on 57 individuals with Obstructive stress disorder, a German chamomile extract standardized to 1.2percent apigenin reduced anxiety symptoms. In a further trial on precisely the same population, the extract also enhanced depression in all the patients.
Apigenin improved melancholy brought on by cortisol remedies in mice.
The levels of the pressure hormone cortisol were decreased in human adrenal cells vulnerable to apigenin. At high doses, apigenin blocks the cortisol-producing enzyme CYP11B1.
Two clinical trials testing an apigenin-containing infusion on precisely the same people and a few animals and cell-based studies are insufficient to encourage the usage of apigenin for anxiety and depression until more clinical research is conducted.
2) Skin Health
In a clinical trial on 40 women, apigenin cream increased skin elasticity and density while reducing wrinkle length. In cells, it reduced the damage brought on by UV radiation.
In mice, topical apigenin improved skin permeability barrier function by promoting skin cell growth and the creation of fatty acids and anti-inflammatory proteins. This suggests it may aid with conditions characterized by permeability barrier dysfunction like atopic dermatitis.
Just one clinical trial and some creature and cell-based research back this possible use of apigenin. A further clinical study is required to affirm their preliminary results.
3) Weight reduction
In a small trial on 16 people, a black pepper-based Beverage decreased appetite but had no effects on blood glucose and thyroid hormone levels. A chemical analysis revealed several apigenin derivatives among its active chemicals.
In obese mice that were fed a high-fat diet, an apigenin supplement raised fatty acids, complete cholesterol, and other obesity indicators.
Mice with high NAD+ levels are better protected against obesity, while those with reduced NAD+ amounts are more likely to be fat. Apigenin increased NAD+ levels and benefitted sugar and fat regulation in obese mice.
A Little trial testing an apigenin-containing drink and two studies in mice can’t be considered sufficient evidence to claim that apigenin helps with weight loss. Larger, more powerful clinical research testing this compound alone is required.
4) Inflammation and Pain
In A clinical analysis on 72 individuals suffering from migraine without aura, a chamomile oil gel using 0.233 mg/g apigenin decreased pain along with other psychiatric symptoms (nausea, and distress caused by sounds and light).
Rats experiencing a severe reaction to infection (sepsis) had decreased inflammatory reactions when treated with apigenin.
In mice given a lethal dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, apigenin decreased cell death and commanded the inflammatory immune response in impacted regions.
Apigenin prevented IBD and lung inflammation and deposition in mice by blocking pro-inflammatory pathways.
Apigenin obstructed the cellular processes that lead to contagious heart disease (endocarditis) in center cells.
Mechanisms in which apigenin can Decrease inflammation include:
- Reduced NF-κB activity from the lungs
- Reduced expression and signaling of JAKtwo and STAT3.
- Decreased discharge of pro-inflammatory messengers (nitric oxide and PGE2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, Th1 cytokines)
- Enriched release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Th2 cytokines, IL-4, and IL-10)
- Suppressed interleukin-1β production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Even though The animal and cell-based study is promising, only a single clinical trial has evaluated the role of apigenin (as an element of a rosemary gel) in pain and inflammation management. More clinical trials analyzing apigenin independently are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
5) Cancer Prevention
In A clinical trial on 87 individuals who underwent the surgical removal of colon tumors or polyps, a flavonoid mixture with 20 mg apigenin and 20 mg epigallocatechin gallate was associated with a decrease development of colorectal tumors.
However, 2 studies on over 70,000 failed to associate the intake of apigenin and other flavonoids together with the prevalence of cancer.
Apigenin blocked COX-2 in mice, potentially preventing tumor development.
In cell-based studies, apigenin obstructed the production of enzymes related to tumors such as GLUT-1, FAK, and ERK.
Additionally, it killed and decreased the growth, invasion, and migration of These cancer cell types:
- Liver
- Brest
- Colorectal
- Uterine
- Skin
Apigenin inhibited androgen-producing enzymes in test tubes, suggesting its potential use to deal with prostate cancer.
Taken together, the evidence is inadequate to conclude that apigenin helps in cancer prevention. The individual studies had largely negative results, and those showing anti-inflammatory activity were mostly done in cells.
Many Compounds have anti-inflammatory effects in cells, including downright toxic chemicals like bleach. This doesn’t signify that they have some medical value. On the contrary, most materials (artificial or natural ) that are researched in cancer cells fail to pass additional animal studies or clinical trials due to a lack of safety or efficacy.
Animal and Cell Research (Lack of Proof)
Brain Function
Apigenin-treated mice showed improved memory, learning, and activity of the mind cell-birth BDNF pathway [34].
In Mice and rats recovering from strokes, apigenin glucopyranoside (a subtype of apigenin) improved neurological outcomes and reduced brain cell death.
Slimming Blood Glucose Levels
Apigenin reduced insulin amounts and insulin resistance In diabetic rats, leading to decreased blood glucose. Apigenin also lowered blood fats and improved blood vessel and liver function [36, 9].
An herbal infusion with apigenin (Saturin) also lowered blood sugar levels in rats and caused no adverse effects.
Bone Healing
Apigenin accelerated bone tissue healing in dogs.
Fixing the Heart
In Rats with an enlarged heart brought on by hypertension, apigenin decreased blood pressure, heart weight, heart weight index, and free fatty acid levels.
Improving Sleep
Apigenin increased total sleep period and sleep rate in mice.
Side Effects & Toxicity
Maintain In mind that the security profile of apigenin is relatively unknown, given that the absence of well-designed clinical studies. The list of side effects is not a certain one, and you should consult your doctor about other possible side effects based on your wellbeing condition and potential drug or nutritional supplements.
In clinical trials, adverse effects were mild and rare. They comprised digestive discomfort (oral chamomile infusion ) and skin reactions (topical chamomile gel). Because the trials did not use pure apigenin, these consequences could have been induced by another chamomile compounds.
Importantly, Apigenin has estrogenic action. Women with a history of estrogen-responsive cancers or on hormone replacement therapy should be especially careful with apigenin and consult with their physicians before supplementing with this specific flavonoid.
While no toxicity studies are conducted in humans, high apigenin doses (100mg/kg) caused liver damage in rats.
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